Genetics of the Immune system Immune system -protects us against foreign material proteins,viruses,bacterial infections Immune system has two major divisions. Non-Specific Response block entry of foreign agents into the body block the spread of foreign agents if they get into the body Specific Responses antibody-mediated immunity -humoral response cell-mediated immunity -cellular response
Genetics of the Immune system Immune system - protects us against foreign material proteins, viruses, bacterial infections Immune system has two major divisions. Non-Specific Response - block entry of foreign agents into the body - block the spread of foreign agents if they get into the body Specific Responses - antibody-mediated immunity - humoral response - cell-mediated immunity – cellular response
Foreign versus Self To protect the body from harmful organisms,the immune system identifies foreign molecules as "nonself'and destroys those cells. Molecules recognized by the immune system are called antigens. Antigens are usually protein fragments or carbohydrates. During development,the immune system removes components that recognize "self'. Immune response to one's own body is called autoimmunity
Foreign versus Self To protect the body from harmful organisms, the immune system identifies foreign molecules as “nonself” and destroys those cells. Molecules recognized by the immune system are called antigens. Antigens are usually protein fragments or carbohydrates. During development, the immune system removes components that recognize “self”. Immune response to one’s own body is called autoimmunity
1.Physical barriers -skin,mucous membranes and their secretions infection fighting chemicals,in tears,saliva,other body fluids 2.Nonspecific-Innate defenses phagocytosis-(engulfing cells) inflammatory response fever anti-microbial proteins complement,collectins,cytokines 3.Specific response Acquired Immunity -Humoral immune response -B cells,antibodies,memory cells Cellular immune response T cells,cytokines,memory cells
1. Physical barriers - skin, mucous membranes and their secretions - infection fighting chemicals,in tears, saliva, other body fluids 2. Nonspecific - Innate defenses - phagocytosis - (engulfing cells) - inflammatory response - fever - anti-microbial proteins complement, collectins, cytokines 3. Specific response - Acquired Immunity - Humoral immune response - B cells, antibodies, memory cells - Cellular immune response - T cells, cytokines, memory cells
Bacteria Viruses Innate response Physical Cytokines Cilia barriers Antimicrobial secretions Mucous membranes Macrophages Acquired response Macrophages Cellular response present antigens Humoral response T cells B cells Cytokines Memory B cells Cytotoxic T cells Plasma cells Antibodies
Bacteria Viruses Acquired response Mucous membranes Physical barriers Cilia Innate response Cytokines Antimicrobial secretions Macrophages Macrophages present antigens Cellular response T cells Cytokines Cytotoxic T cells Humoral response B cells Memory B cells Plasma cells Antibodies
Inflammatory response A non-specific response triggered by injury penetration of bacteria -skin,respiratory,digestive,urinary or reproductive tract Two main players -histamine complement
Inflammatory response A non-specific response triggered by - injury - penetration of bacteria -skin, respiratory, digestive, urinary or reproductive tract Two main players - histamine - complement