4/6/2017 Guide to Introduction US Food Laws In develped countries,98%of the population and Regulations is fed by 2%that works in agriculture SECOND EDITION 2006,<1%of the population works within Chapter 11 PatriciaA.Curtis production agriculture Animal Welfare Animal welfare is not a new issue of debate, Regulations and which has been debated since domestication Food Production Animal welfare regulations recent in development global in nature influence free trade of food products WILEY Blackwall impact costs to the consumer Aspects of animal welfare Introduction Individuals involved in developing animal Physical Mental welfare are not associated with production of agriculture or realities of food production to feed the growing population Commentary associated with welfare issues use wording that is negative even though the Natural truth is positive Negative:modern food animal production is a rough life and in essence cruel The World Society for the WSPA Reality:productivity and health of livestock Protection of Animals (WSPA) grown for food has never been better
4/6/2017 1 Chapter 11 Animal Welfare Regulations and Food Production Introduction • In develped countries, 98% of the population is fed by 2% that works in agriculture • 2006, <1% of the population works within production agriculture • Animal welfare is not a new issue of debate, which has been debated since domestication • Animal welfare regulations - recent in development - global in nature - influence free trade of food products - impact costs to the consumer The World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) Introduction • Individuals involved in developing animal welfare are not associated with production of agriculture or realities of food production to feed the growing population • Commentary associated with welfare issues use wording that is negative even though the truth is positive - Negative: modern food animal production is a rough life and in essence cruel - Reality: productivity and health of livestock grown for food has never been better
4/6/2017 Introduction Introduction However,aspects of getting animal meat Many who support animal rights legislation live products to the market are not and never can in urban areas and only have their pets as a be made to look nice measure of welfare Regulations and quidelines have been enacted Consumers tend to lose sight of all livestock in the European Union,United States,and producers have always had the welfare of the internationally to ensure animal welfare in animals under their control first in their mind agricultural research,food production and they go out in subzero weather to provide trade food and water to cattle World Organization for Animal Health spend an entire day/night caring for pregnant sheep during lambing season Humane Farm Animal Care care for day-old chicks all night to ensure they are warm and fed properly Introduction Introduction Dedication to these animals is the norm not The intensified systems worked well until the the exception producers lost sight of the animal's biological Animal performance is a good indicator or the needs animal's well-being Animals perfomance suffered while the As the industry moved from extensive to facility made money intensive production systems,3 ideas were allowed the caretakes to oversee a large used to design animal facilities number of animals,which reduced costs 1.what are the animal's biological needs the negative was the minimization of 2.engineer facilities to meet desing criteria interaction of the caretaker with the animal 3.facility needs to make money a forced review of production standards and refocus on the animal's needs was a good thing for the livestock industry
4/6/2017 2 Introduction • However, aspects of getting animal meat products to the market are not and never can be made to look nice • Regulations and guidelines have been enacted in the European Union, United States, and internationally to ensure animal welfare in agricultural research, food production and trade - World Organization for Animal Health - Humane Farm Animal Care Introduction • Many who support animal rights legislation live in urban areas and only have their pets as a measure of welfare • Consumers tend to lose sight of all livestock producers have always had the welfare of the animals under their control first in their mind - they go out in subzero weather to provide food and water to cattle - spend an entire day/night caring for pregnant sheep during lambing season - care for day-old chicks all night to ensure they are warm and fed properly Introduction • Dedication to these animals is the norm not the exception • Animal performance is a good indicator or the animal’s well-being • As the industry moved from extensive to intensive production systems, 3 ideas were used to design animal facilities 1. what are the animal’s biological needs 2. engineer facilities to meet desing criteria 3. facility needs to make money Introduction • The intensified systems worked well until the producers lost sight of the animal’s biological needs • Animals perfomance suffered while the facility made money - allowed the caretakes to oversee a large number of animals, which reduced costs - the negative was the minimization of interaction of the caretaker with the animal - a forced review of production standards and refocus on the animal’s needs was a good thing for the livestock industry
4/6/2017 Introduction Introduction European Food Safety Authority has some of Today's production emphasizes sustainable the most stringent regulations for animal production systems welfare Sustainability incorporates Increased regulation are endorsed by non- 、 Environmental mpact agricultural groups and many regulation are Pollution enacted in the name of animal welfare but in reality do nothing for their welfare Soil erosion long-term agendas Caretaker working equipment severaly restrict or eliminate production of Minimization of carbon footprint animals for food Maximization of animal performance This movement has spread thoughout the world among the consuming public Introduction Introduction Cost of food production is influenced by animal Production of food from animal proteins all welfare regulations have regulations associated with their Research institutes meet regulations to develop production new solutions to production problems Regulations have been legislated,prescribed Regulations used by veterinarians,animal producers,animal processors by consumers,or has voluntary welfare guidelines Animal welfare guidelines are used to assist in trade negotiations First question to be answered is Animal welfare programs that are voluntary Are guidelines prescribed by an industry or Animal welfare programs that are required by retail consumer really voluntary? ·Law But,you would not be able to sell your .Customers of the animal products product if you do not follow the guidelines
4/6/2017 3 Introduction • European Food Safety Authority has some of the most stringent regulations for animal welfare • Increased regulation are endorsed by nonagricultural groups and many regulation are enacted in the name of animal welfare but in reality do nothing for their welfare - long-term agendas - severaly restrict or eliminate production of animals for food • This movement has spread thoughout the world among the consuming public Introduction • Today’s production emphasizes sustainable production systems • Sustainability incorporates - Environmental mpact - Pollution - Soil erosion - Caretaker working equipment - Minimization of carbon footprint - Maximization of animal performance Introduction • Cost of food production is influenced by animal welfare regulations - Research institutes meet regulations to develop new solutions to production problems - Regulations used by veterinarians, animal producers, animal processors - Animal welfare guidelines are used to assist in trade negotiations - Animal welfare programs that are voluntary - Animal welfare programs that are required by Law Customers of the animal products Introduction • Production of food from animal proteins all have regulations associated with their production • Regulations have been legislated, prescribed by consumers, or has voluntary welfare guidelines • First question to be answered is - Are guidelines prescribed by an industry or retail consumer really voluntary? - But, you would not be able to sell your product if you do not follow the guidelines
4/6/2017 Introduction Participants in the Welfare Debate In reality,there are not voluntary animal welfare guidelines Participants in the welfare debate fall into three main groups: These guideline dictate -how the animals will be treated Animal welfarist how the records will be maintained Animal rightist a mandatory third party audit to take place Animal liberationists annually Participants in the Welfare Debate Participants in the Welfare Debate Animal welfarist Animal rightist concerned for the well-being and health believe animals have rights as humans and of the animals should not be exploited wants assurance animals are humanely appear to be the major source of pressure treated throughout their lives into the animal welfare legislation positive attitude towards the profession made major impacts into legislation and negative view of modern animal legal actions production practices .efforts increased animal law degree Producers of animal products should class programs themselves in this group
4/6/2017 4 Introduction • In reality, there are not voluntary animal welfare guidelines • These guideline dictate - how the animals will be treated - how the records will be maintained - a mandatory third party audit to take place annually Participants in the Welfare Debate • Participants in the welfare debate fall into three main groups: - Animal welfarist - Animal rightist - Animal liberationists Participants in the Welfare Debate Animal welfarist concerned for the well-being and health of the animals wants assurance animals are humanely treated throughout their lives positive attitude towards the profession negative view of modern animal production practices • Producers of animal products should class themselves in this group Participants in the Welfare Debate Animal rightist believe animals have rights as humans and should not be exploited appear to be the major source of pressure into the animal welfare legislation made major impacts into legislation and legal actions efforts increased animal law degree programs
4/6/2017 Participants in the Welfare Debate Participants in the Welfare Debate Animal liberationist believe animals should be release from confining Stakeholders groups are situtions ·government believe animals should be able to pursue their consumers natural tendencies believe animals should have access to a natural ·producers environment retailers Stop the use of animals for food production, Each group is made up individuals who are ehbionrevenRasegportathonrecreaion research,education,tran welfarists,rightists,and liberationists Most radical of the groups contributing to break- .Differing views on animal welfare make a ins,infiltration,etc. unified voice difficult Participants in the Welfare Debate Participants in the Welfare Debate Government Government .Primary function is to establish regulation State legislation passed in Florida and California that lead to the enforcement of the laws ban gestation crates for sows and cages for laying passed at local,state,and federal levels hens Humane Slaughter Act 1978 federal law that USDA supports outreach and researach at requires that livestock be rendered unconscious landgrant universities before slaughter USDA has research focusing on food safety and Amendment to the Egg Products Inspection Act welfare 2012 provides housing standards for the egg industry in the US
4/6/2017 5 Participants in the Welfare Debate Animal liberationist believe animals should be release from confining situtions believe animals should be able to pursue their natural tendencies believe animals should have access to a natural environment • Stop the use of animals for food production, research, education, transportation, recreation, exhibition or even as pets • Most radical of the groups contributing to breakins, infiltration, etc. Participants in the Welfare Debate • Stakeholders groups are - government - consumers - producers - retailers • Each group is made up individuals who are welfarists, rightists, and liberationists • Differing views on animal welfare make a unified voice difficult Participants in the Welfare Debate Government Primary function is to establish regulation that lead to the enforcement of the laws passed at local, state, and federal levels • Humane Slaughter Act 1978 federal law that requires that livestock be rendered unconscious before slaughter • Amendment to the Egg Products Inspection Act 2012 provides housing standards for the egg industry in the US Participants in the Welfare Debate Government • State legislation passed in Florida and California ban gestation crates for sows and cages for laying hens • USDA supports outreach and researach at landgrant universities • USDA has research focusing on food safety and welfare