1/26/2016 Structure and Function of the Microbes Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Learning Objective Invisible Invaders Identify the role of the cardiovascular Amazing Allies and lymphatic systems in spreading and eliminating infections. Chapter 23 Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Structure and Function of the The human cardiovascular system and related structures Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Cardiovascular system:circulates blood Lung through the body's tissues -Includes the heart and associated arteries, Capillaries in u veins,and capillaries Inferior vena cave main lower w -Delivers substances to and removes substances from the cells Intestines to intestines 2
1/26/2016 1 Invisible Invaders Amazing Allies Chapter 23 Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Learning Objective Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in spreading and eliminating infections. Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems • Cardiovascular system: circulates blood th h th b d through the body's tissues – Includes the heart and associated arteries, veins, and capillaries – Delivers substances to and removes substances from the cells The human cardiovascular system and related structures Superior vena cava (main upper vein) Lung Aorta (main artery) Capillaries in lung Inferior vena cava (main lower vein) Liver Stomach Heart Spleen Kidneys Capillaries to intestines K y Intestines
1/26/2016 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems A 16.T ·Blood:consists of -Fluid called plasma -Formed elements:cells and cell fragments suspended in plasma 四 Red blood cells-transports O2 and CO2 White blood cells-immunity Platlets-blood clotting An overview of the body's defenses 四 Chcle First line of defense Second line of defense Third line of defense Intact skin gocytes.such as 益岩 nd t 四
1/26/2016 2 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems • Blood: consists of – Fluid called plasma – Formed elements: cells and cell fragments suspended in plasma • Red blood cells - transports O2 and CO2 • Whit bl d ll White blood cells - i it mmun y • Platlets – blood clotting Insert Table 16.1 If possible, break into multiple slides Insert Table 16.1 If possible, break into multiple slides An overview of the body’s defenses First line of defense • Intact skin •Mucous membranes and their secretions • Normal microbiota Second line of defense Third line of defense •Specialized lymphocytes: T cells and B cells •Antibodies • Phagocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages • Inflammation •Fever •Antimicrobial substances
1/26/2016 Phases of Phagocytosis Phagocytosis Phago:from Greek,meaning eat Cyte:from Greek,meaning cell Ingestion of microbes or particles by a cell,performed by phagocytes 5)Bedy Macrophage engulfing rod-shaped bacteria Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Macrophage Lymphatic system Plama eaves blood capilariesto beome interstitial fluid Bacterium -Lymphatic system provides an accessory return route for the interstitial fluid to the blood -Lymph capillaries transport interstitial fluid(now called lymph)to lymph vessels(lymphatics)and lymph Pseudopods nodes Very permeable Picks up microorganisms and infectious agents Lymph nodes 25 .Buboes:swollen lymph nodes
1/26/2016 3 Phagocytosis • Phago: from Greek, meaning eat • Cyte: from Greek, meaning cell • Ingestion of microbes or particles by a cell, performed by phagocytes Phases of Phagocytosis Macrophage Macrophage engulfing rod-shaped bacteria Pseudopods Bacterium Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems • Lymphatic system – Plasma leaves blood capillaries to become interstitial fluid – Lymphatic system provides an accessory return route for the interstitial fluid to the blood – Lymph capillaries transport interstitial fluid (now called lymph) to lymph vessels (lymphatics) and lymph nodes • Very permeable • Picks up microorganisms and infectious agents – Lymph nodes (a component of the immune system) contain fixed macrophages, B cells, and T cells • Buboes: swollen lymph nodes
1/26/2016 Relationship between cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems atic To h Learning Objectives List the signs and symptoms of sepsis,and explain the importance of infections that develop into septic shock. Differentiate gram-negative sepsis,gram- positive sepsis,and puerperal sepsis. a)Capillary system in lung b)Lymph node Describe the epidemiologies of endocarditis and rheumatic fever. Discuss the epidemiology of tularemia. Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems and Lymphatic Systems Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Discuss the epidemiology of brucellosis. Compare and contrast the causative agents, vecfors,reservoirs,symptoms,freatments Discuss the epidemiology of anthrax. and preventive measures for plague.Lyme Discuss the epidemiology of gas gangrene disease,and Rocky Mountain spotted Identify pathogens and the diseases that fever. are transmitted by animal bites and Describe the epidemiologies of epidemic scratches. typhus,endemic murine typhus,and spotted fevers
1/26/2016 4 Relationship between cardiovascular and lymphatic systems To lymphatic system Venule To heart Interstitial fluid To lymphatic system Valve to Lymphocytes and macrophages Tissue cells Lymph capillaries Blood From heart Arteriole prevent backflow From lymphatic ill t capillaries capillary system a) Capillary system in lung b) Lymph node a) From the capillaries, some blood plasma filters into the surrounding tissue where it is called interstitial fluid and enters the lymph capillaries. This fluid, now called lymph, returns to the heart through the lymphatic circulatory system (green). b) All lymph returning to the heart must pass through at least one lymph node Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Learning Objectives List the signs and symptoms of sepsis, and explain the importance of infections that develop into septic shock. Differentiate gram-negative sepsis, grampositive sepsis and puerperal sepsis positive sepsis, and puerperal sepsis. Describe the epidemiologies of endocarditis and rheumatic fever. Discuss the epidemiology of tularemia. Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Learning Objectives Discuss the epidemiology of brucellosis. Discuss the epidemiology of anthrax. Discuss the epidemiology of gas gangrene. Identify pathogens and the diseases that are transmitted by animal bites and scratches. Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Learning Objectives Compare and contrast the causative agents, vectors, reservoirs, symptoms, treatments, and preventive measures for plague, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Describe the epidemiologies of epidemic typhus, endemic murine typhus, and spotted fevers
1/26/2016 Sepsis and Septic Shock Blood is normally sterile Moderate numbers of bacteria ·Septicemia canenter the bloodstream, eiethe preceofpe or thirtor especially in hospital settings due ·Sepsis to invasive procedures -Systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) Blood and lymph contain defensive -Caused by an infection that releases mediators of inflammation phagocytic cells into the bloodstreom -Site of infection is not necessorily the blood Blood is low in free iron Once in the blood,bacteria are widely diss Visible as red streaks from the site of infection ·Severe sepsis body's defenses fail -Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one orgar Septic shock -Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure Lymphangitis.one sign of sepsis Gram-Negative Sepsis Also called endotoxin shock Endotoxins(lipopolysaccharides [LPS])cause a severe drop in blood pressure Antibiotics can worsen the condition by killing bacteria Treatment involves neutralizing the LPS components and inflammatory-causing cytokines 750,000 cases of septic shock in the US annually and 225,000 are fatal
1/26/2016 5 • Blood is normally sterile • Moderate numbers of bacteria can enter the bloodstream, especially in hospital settings due to invasive procedures • Blood and lymph contain defensive phagocytic cells • Blood is low in free iron • O nce i th bl d b t i in th e bloo d, bacteria are widely disseminated and some can reproduce in the blood if the body’s defenses fail Sepsis and Septic Shock • Septicemia – Acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood • S i eps s – Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) – Caused by an infection that releases mediators of inflammation into the bloodstream – Site of infection is not necessarily the blood • Lymphangitis – Inflamed lymph vessels – Visible as red streaks from the site of infection • Severe sepsis – Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ • Septic shock – Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure Lymphangitis, one sign of sepsis Gram-Negative Sepsis • Also called endotoxin shock • Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) cause a severe drop in blood pressure • Antibiotics can worsen the condition by killing bacteria • Treatment involves neutralizin g the LPS components and inflammatory-causing cytokines • 750,000 cases of septic shock in the US annually and 225,000 are fatal