1/24/2018 Mesopotamia,the cradle Introduction Guide to of western civilization, US Food Laws where early writings and Regulations emerged as well as the EUROPE SECONDEDITION first laws of the lands Chapter 2 PatriciaA.Curtis First major civilization Turkey How did we get was in a region called where we are Sumer today? WILEY Blackwel SUMER Introduction Introduction Ancient laws Oldest evidence of beer is believed to be a Sumerian statute required innkeepers to give 6,000-year-old Sumerian tablet depicting their customers the proper amount of beer or people drinking a beverage through reed have their hand cut off. straws from a communal bowl. Bible contains reference to food and food laws. Most are based on kosher foods and the Jewish Cuneiform faith ancient tablet- Laws dealt with clean versus unclean animals and this piece has a prohibited practices recipe for beer! Laws addressed the use of just balances and weights in the marketplace
1/24/2018 1 Chapter 2 How did we get where we are today? • Mesopotamia, the cradle of western civilization, where early writings emerged as well as the first laws of the lands • First major civilization was in a region called Sumer Introduction • Oldest evidence of beer is believed to be a 6,000-year-old Sumerian tablet depicting people drinking a beverage through reed straws from a communal bowl. Cuneiform ancient tablet – this piece has a recipe for beer! Introduction Introduction Ancient laws • Sumerian statute required innkeepers to give their customers the proper amount of beer or have their hand cut off. • Bible contains reference to food and food laws. Most are based on kosher foods and the Jewish faith • Laws dealt with clean versus unclean animals and prohibited practices • Laws addressed the use of just balances and weights in the marketplace
1/24/2018 Introduction ADULTERATION Introduction Ancient laws Ancient laws Food adulteration was addressed 1600s,London had laws against food Theophrastus(370-285 BCE)wrote the adulterations botanical treatise Enguiry Into Plants Local guilds enforced their own rules regarding Discussed the use of artificial preservatives unfair practices and flavors such as balsam gum that were Recent European history added to foods for economic reasons German treatise of 1820 taught housewives Caveat emptor or Buyer beware was the basis of how to test food for adulteration Roman civil law Penalty for selling adulterated foods in Rome in 400 CE was banishment from Rome or slavery Reasons for Food Laws Reasons for Food Laws According to Black's Law Dictionary adulteration is Food laws have evolved for various reasons defined as Ensuring the consumer gets what they pay for The act of corrupting or debasing The act of mixing something impure or spurious Ensuring that the food is safe with something pure and genuine,or an inferior For religious beliefs article with a superior one of the same kind The term is generally applied to the act of mixing The first two reasons deal with adulteration and up with food or drink intended to be sold other misbranding matters of an inferior quality and usually a more or less deleterious quality The act,process or omission to act whereby food becomes impure and unfit for consumption Such is prohibited and regulated by federal and state statutes and agencies
1/24/2018 2 Introduction Ancient laws • Food adulteration was addressed • Theophrastus (370-285 BCE) wrote the botanical treatise Enquiry Into Plants Discussed the use of artificial preservatives and flavors such as balsam gum that were added to foods for economic reasons • Caveat emptor or Buyer beware was the basis of Roman civil law Penalty for selling adulterated foods in Rome in 400 CE was banishment from Rome or slavery Introduction Ancient laws • 1600s, London had laws against food adulterations Local guilds enforced their own rules regarding unfair practices • Recent European history German treatise of 1820 taught housewives how to test food for adulteration Reasons for Food Laws Food laws have evolved for various reasons • Ensuring the consumer gets what they pay for • Ensuring that the food is safe • For religious beliefs The first two reasons deal with adulteration and misbranding Reasons for Food Laws According to Black’s Law Dictionary adulteration is defined as • The act of corrupting or debasing • The act of mixing something impure or spurious with something pure and genuine, or an inferior article with a superior one of the same kind • The term is generally applied to the act of mixing up with food or drink intended to be sold other matters of an inferior quality and usually a more or less deleterious quality • The act, process or omission to act whereby food becomes impure and unfit for consumption • Such is prohibited and regulated by federal and state statutes and agencies
1/24/2018 Reasons for Food Law Corrupted milk|How melamine got into China's dairy products: Intentional Adulteration acts intended to cause wide-scale harm to public health,including acts of terrorism targeting the food supply 2007,animal illness and death was linked to pet food from China Also linked to dairy products sold for human consumption Renal failure due to contamination of the food by melamine NH, Melamine used as fake protein and fat Main use is to make plastic HN N NH Melamine Industrial chemical abused by food producers Reasons for Food Laws Food Emergency Response Network-FERN integrates the nation's food-testing laboratories at the local,state,and federal levels into a network that responds to emergencies involving biological, chemical,or radiological contamination of food FERN structure is organized to ensure federal and state inter-agency participation and cooperation in the formation,development,and operation of 9 the network
1/24/2018 3 Intentional Adulteration acts intended to cause wide-scale harm to public health, including acts of terrorism targeting the food supply 2007, animal illness and death was linked to pet food from China • Also linked to dairy products sold for human consumption • Renal failure due to contamination of the food by melamine • Melamine used as fake protein • Main use is to make plastic Reasons for Food Law Reasons for Food Laws Food Emergency Response Network - FERN • integrates the nation's food-testing laboratories at the local, state, and federal levels into a network that responds to emergencies involving biological, chemical, or radiological contamination of food • FERN structure is organized to ensure federal and state inter-agency participation and cooperation in the formation, development, and operation of the network
1/24/2018 Reasons for Food Laws Reasons for Food Law FERN Objectives Unintentional Adulteration Detection:identification of biological,chemical Food Safety and Inspection Service-FSIS and radiological threat agents Prevention:operate targeted federal/state eefthat contains Escherichia coli surveillance sampling programs Economic Adulteration Preparedness:strengthen laboratory capacities Adulteration that does no harm to someone but and capabilities cheats that person out of their money Response:provide large-scale laboratory Adding water to wine or milk testing capacity ·Ash to pepper Recovery:provide public assurance of food ·Chalk to bread safety following an emergency Dyes to conceal inferior ingredients Corn sweetener to honey Reasons for Food Law Reasons for Food Law Misbranding The FDA said because Use of false or misleading labeling there is no standard for nutrients in All American food laws are based on prohibiting carbonated adulteration and misbranding beverages,Coke can't market the beverage as "plus
1/24/2018 4 Reasons for Food Laws FERN Objectives • Detection: identification of biological, chemical, and radiological threat agents • Prevention: operate targeted federal/state surveillance sampling programs • Preparedness: strengthen laboratory capacities and capabilities • Response: provide large-scale laboratory testing capacity • Recovery: provide public assurance of food safety following an emergency Unintentional Adulteration Food Safety and Inspection Service - FSIS • Ground beef that contains Escherichia coli O157:H7 Economic Adulteration Adulteration that does no harm to someone but cheats that person out of their money • Adding water to wine or milk • Ash to pepper • Chalk to bread • Dyes to conceal inferior ingredients • Corn sweetener to honey Reasons for Food Law Misbranding • Use of false or misleading labeling All American food laws are based on prohibiting adulteration and misbranding Reasons for Food Law The FDA said because there is no standard for nutrients in carbonated beverages, Coke can't market the beverage as “plus” Reasons for Food Law
1/24/2018 Reasons for Food Law American Food Laws Early food laws These products are misbranded because Earliest type of food laws established in their labels are the colonies were set by trade guilds misleading. They wanted quality standards to The labels are designed to ensure they had repeat customers imply that the product is 100%orange/tangerine Anyone in the trade guild caught juice or grape juice adulterating foods and selling them Neither orange/tangerine cheap were removed from the quild and juice nor grape juice is forced out of business the predominant juice in the products American Food Laws American Food Laws Early food laws Early food laws After independence was gained from First food laws in the US were based on the UK,Congress was protective of regulations from England states'rights and resisted passing federal laws that infringed on state Massachusetts Bay Colony commerce -1630,Nicholas Knopf was fined for First food laws passed selling water as a cure for scurvy were at the state level -1641,passed a food adulteration law did not cover goods shipped from one that established inspection of beef, state to another pork,and fish
1/24/2018 5 These products are misbranded because their labels are misleading. The labels are designed to imply that the product is 100% orange/tangerine juice or grape juice Neither orange/tangerine juice nor grape juice is the predominant juice in the products Reasons for Food Law American Food Laws Early food laws • Earliest type of food laws established in the colonies were set by trade guilds • They wanted quality standards to ensure they had repeat customers • Anyone in the trade guild caught adulterating foods and selling them cheap were removed from the guild and forced out of business • After independence was gained from the UK, Congress was protective of states’ rights and resisted passing federal laws that infringed on state commerce • First food laws passed - were at the state level - did not cover goods shipped from one state to another American Food Laws Early food laws • First food laws in the US were based on regulations from England • Massachusetts Bay Colony - 1630, Nicholas Knopf was fined for selling water as a cure for scurvy - 1641, passed a food adulteration law that established inspection of beef, pork, and fish American Food Laws Early food laws